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The functions of sociology are determined rather directly because in their general meaning they do not differ from the functions of any other science. Its main functions are gnosiological, critical, axiological, prognostic, praxiological and ideological ones.
The gnosiological (=epistemological) function is realized in the system of cognitive means of science. The cognitive means are general and special theories which lay bare laws of both the functioning and development of the society as a whole and its separate parts, sides and subsystems. They also include ways and methods of gathering primary empirical information, logical and mathematical methods of its processing, means of describing facts and their explanation. The gnosiological function of sociology is linked with its critical function as cognition presupposes critical comprehension of the existing sociological theories, sociological knowledge in general that serve as the basis for working out new theoretic and methodological paradigms. In its turn, the critical function can’t work without a corresponding estimation of the learnt objects, that’s why it is added with the axiological function.
The prognostic function is realized in the system of general judgments which describe possible states and processes of any social system in future, and give scientific prognoses about social development of the society and its separate subsystems.
The praxiological function is tied up with an applied sociology. It is realized in practical recommendations worked out by sociologists for their clients. Such recommendations serve as the basis for making definite managerial decisions which testifies sociology’s active role and meaning in real life of a human society.
The ideological function is exposed in the fact that sociology as a branch of science cannot but reflect social interests of different layers of the society because these interests are directly included into its subject. That’s why sociological theories differ from each other not only by the models of the society’s structural organization or by different ways of explaining its nature. They also differ by principles of such explanation and political orientations expressed by their authors. Thus, sociology (basically within its general theories) cannot extend beyond some ideological preferences, so, to some extent, it serves as the theoretic grounds for corresponding political ideals.
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